--- title: By the 1000s the Norse lands had become Christian kingdoms and raids… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics description: By the 1000s the Norse lands had become Christian kingdoms and raids faded; in 1066 a Norwegian king was defeated in England, and the Normans, descendants of Vikings in France, conquered England the same year. Who acts: Norse lands, raids, Normans. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/) / 20 # The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 20 By the 1000s the Norse lands had become Christian kingdoms and raids faded; in 1066 a Norwegian king was defeated in England, and the Normans, descendants of Vikings in France, conquered England the same year. **Who acts:** Norse lands, raids, Normans · **What happens:** become, fade, defeat, conquer · **To what, where:** Christian kingdoms, Norwegian king, 1066, England This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Norse lands, raids, Normans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:20 # text = By the 1000s the Norse lands had become Christian kingdoms and raids faded; in 1066 a Norwegian king was defeated in England, and the Normans, descendants of Vikings in France, conquered England the same year. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 By by ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1000s 1000 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:obl 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 Norse norse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 7 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 parataxis _ _ 9 Christian Christian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 kingdoms kingdom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 xcomp _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 raids raid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 faded fade VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 1066 1066 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 obl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 Norwegian Norwegian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 defeated defeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 parataxis _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Normans Norman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 descendants descendant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 appos _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Vikings viking PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 France France PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:nmod 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 conquered conquer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 36 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 35 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | past · perfect | the Norse lands | Christian kingdoms | | | | by the 1000s | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **fade** | past | raids | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **defeat** | past · passive | | a Norwegian king | | 1066 | | in England | tree rules | | 4 | **conquer** | past | the Normans | England | | | year | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent england=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/19/) - next →: [Castles, knights and cathedrals, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/)