--- title: Going viking meant going on a sea raid, but most Norse people were f… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics description: Going viking meant going on a sea raid, but most Norse people were farmers, fishers and traders, and they never wore horned helmets; that came from opera costumes in the 1800s. Who acts: Going viking, most Norse people, People, that. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/) / 3 # The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 3 Going viking meant going on a sea raid, but most Norse people were farmers, fishers and traders, and they never wore horned helmets; that came from opera costumes in the 1800s. **Who acts:** Going viking, most Norse people, People, that · **What happens:** go, mean, be, not wear, come · **To what, where:** sea raid, farmers, horned helmets, opera costumes This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Going viking, most Norse people, People, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:3 # text = Going viking meant going on a sea raid, but most Norse people were farmers, fishers and traders, and they never wore horned helmets; that came from opera costumes in the 1800s. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 Going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 amod _ _ 2 viking viking NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 meant mean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 xcomp _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 raid raid NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 10 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 11 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 13 amod _ _ 12 Norse norse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 14 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 fishers fisher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 23 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 wore wear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 25 horned horned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 helmets helmet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 28 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 nsubj _ _ 29 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 30 from from ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 opera opera NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 costumes costume NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | gerund | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | past | Going viking | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund | Going viking *not said here* | | | a sea raid | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on raid=Location | | 4 | **is a** | past | most Norse people | farmers and fishers and traders | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **not** **wear** | past | People | horned helmets | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | | 6 | **come** | past | that | | | opera costumes | | in the 1800s | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from costume=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/2/) - next →: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/)