---
title: By the 1000s their lands were Christian kingdoms, and the Viking Age… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics
description: By the 1000s their lands were Christian kingdoms, and the Viking Age faded. Who acts: lands, Viking Age. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the 1000s their lands were Christian kingdoms, and the Viking Age faded.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lands, Viking Age · **What happens:** be, fade · **To what, where:** Christian kingdoms

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lands, Viking Age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:7
# text = By the 1000s their lands were Christian kingdoms, and the Viking Age faded.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1000s	1000	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Viking	viking	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
13	Age	age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
14	faded	fade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Vikings's lands | Christian kingdoms |  |  |  | by the 1000s | tree rules |
| 2 | **fade** | past | the Viking Age |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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