--- title: From 1096 European Christians fought the Crusades to control Jerusal… — Castles, knights and cathedrals · tree and pragmatics description: From 1096 European Christians fought the Crusades to control Jerusalem, a city holy to Christians, Jews and Muslims, and Muslim leaders such as Saladin fought back and retook it in 1187. Who acts: European Christians, Muslim leaders. A sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Castles, knights and cathedrals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/) / 18 # Castles, knights and cathedrals, sentence 18 From 1096 European Christians fought the Crusades to control Jerusalem, a city holy to Christians, Jews and Muslims, and Muslim leaders such as Saladin fought back and retook it in 1187. **Who acts:** European Christians, Muslim leaders · **What happens:** fight, control, fight back, retake · **To what, where:** Crusades, 1096, Jerusalem, city, 1187 This is a sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European Christians, Muslim leaders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:18 # text = From 1096 European Christians fought the Crusades to control Jerusalem, a city holy to Christians, Jews and Muslims, and Muslim leaders such as Saladin fought back and retook it in 1187. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 From from ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1096 1096 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 4 Christians Christian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Crusades crusade PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 control control VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:acl 10 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 appos _ _ 14 holy holy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Christians Christian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Jews Jew PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 Muslims Muslim PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 Muslim Muslim ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 leaders leader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 25 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 27 case _ _ 26 as as ADP IN _ 25 fixed _ _ 27 Saladin Saladin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 29 back back ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 retook retake VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 1187 1187 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fight** | past | European Christians | the Crusades | | 1096 | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crusade=Co-Agent | | 2 | **control** | to-infinitive | European Christians *not said here* | Jerusalem | | | | | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jerusalem=Theme | | 3 | **fight back** | past | Muslim leaders such Saladin | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **retake** | past | Muslim leaders such Saladin *not said here* | city | | 1187 | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Castles, knights and cathedrals, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/17/) - next →: [Castles, knights and cathedrals, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/)