--- title: Their best fighters were knights, rich horsemen trained from boyhood… — Castles, knights and cathedrals · tree and pragmatics description: Their best fighters were knights, rich horsemen trained from boyhood, who wore heavy armour and painted coats of arms on their shields so friends could tell who was who in battle. Who acts: best fighters, rich horsemen, friends. A sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the histo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Castles, knights and cathedrals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/) / 2 # Castles, knights and cathedrals, sentence 2 Their best fighters were knights, rich horsemen trained from boyhood, who wore heavy armour and painted coats of arms on their shields so friends could tell who was who in battle. **Who acts:** best fighters, rich horsemen, friends · **What happens:** be, train, wear, paint, tell · **To what, where:** knights, rich horsemen, boyhood, heavy armour, coats, shields · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (best fighters, rich horsemen, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:2 # text = Their best fighters were knights, rich horsemen trained from boyhood, who wore heavy armour and painted coats of arms on their shields so friends could tell who was who in battle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 3 fighters fighter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 knights knight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 parataxis _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 horsemen horseman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ _ 9 trained train VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 boyhood boyhood NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 wore wear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 15 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 painted paint VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 19 coats coat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 shields shield NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nmod 25 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 26 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 27 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 29 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 who who PRON WP PronType=Int 28 ccomp _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:obl 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | lords's best fighters | knights | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **train** | participle | | rich horsemen *not said here* | | boyhood | | | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **wear** | past | rich horsemen | heavy armour | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source | | 4 | **paint** | past | rich horsemen *not said here* | coats of arms | | lords's shields | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on shield=Destination | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | could | friends | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | past | | | | battle | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Castles, knights and cathedrals, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/1/) - next →: [Castles, knights and cathedrals, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/21-castles-knights-and-cathedrals/)