---
title: The first castles were wooden towers on earth mounds; later castles… — Castles, knights and cathedrals · tree and pragmatics
description: The first castles were wooden towers on earth mounds; later castles were built of stone, with thick walls, towers, moats and drawbridges. Who acts: first castles. A sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Castles, knights and cathedrals, sentence 7

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The first castles were wooden towers on earth mounds; later castles were built of stone, with thick walls, towers, moats and drawbridges.

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**Who acts:** first castles · **What happens:** be, build · **To what, where:** wooden towers, earth mounds, castles

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Castles, knights and cathedrals» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first castles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:7
# text = The first castles were wooden towers on earth mounds; later castles were built of stone, with thick walls, towers, moats and drawbridges.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mounds	mound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
12	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	moats	moat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	drawbridges	drawbridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the first castles | wooden towers |  | earth mounds |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | past · passive |  | castles |  |  |  | of stone; with thick walls and towers and moats and drawbridges; late *property* | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme with wall=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:021-castles-knights-and-cathedrals.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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