--- title: Ibn al-Haytham showed that we see because light enters our eyes, not… — The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval wo… · tree and pragmatics description: Ibn al-Haytham showed that we see because light enters our eyes, not because the eyes send out rays, and he tested his ideas by experiment. Who acts: Ibn, we, light, eyes. A sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Islamic golden age and the wider m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/) / 12 # The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 12 Ibn al-Haytham showed that we see because light enters our eyes, not because the eyes send out rays, and he tested his ideas by experiment. **Who acts:** Ibn, we, light, eyes · **What happens:** show, see, enter, not send out, test · **To what, where:** eyes, rays, ideas · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ibn, we, light, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:12 # text = Ibn al-Haytham showed that we see because light enters our eyes, not because the eyes send out rays, and he tested his ideas by experiment. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ibn Ibn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 al Al PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 4 Haytham Haytham PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 5 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 7 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 9 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 10 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 enters enter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 12 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 16 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 send send VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 20 out out ADP RP _ 19 compound:prt _ _ 21 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 tested test VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 experiment experiment NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | Ibn | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **see** | present | we | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **enter** | present | light | our eyes | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination | | 4 | **not** **send out** | present | the eyes | rays | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme | | 5 | **test** | past | Ibn | Ibn's ideas | | | | by experiment | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Islamic golden age and the wider m…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/11/) - next →: [The Islamic golden age and the wider m…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/)