---
title: Many old Greek books survived only because of those Arabic copies, w… — The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval wo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Many old Greek books survived only because of those Arabic copies, which were later turned into Latin and reached Europe's universities. Who acts: Many old Greek books. A sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school with 
---

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# The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many old Greek books survived only because of those Arabic copies, which were later turned into Latin and reached Europe's universities.

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**Who acts:** Many old Greek books · **What happens:** survive, turn, reach · **To what, where:** Arabic copies, Latin, universities

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many old Greek books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:3
# text = Many old Greek books survived only because of those Arabic copies, which were later turned into Latin and reached Europe's universities.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
10	Arabic	Arabic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing
11	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	_
16	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	universities	university	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | past | Many old Greek books |  |  |  |  | because that Arabic copies | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past · passive |  | that Arabic copies |  |  |  | into Latin *result*; late *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into latin=Result |
| 3 | **reach** | past |  | Europe's universities |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent university=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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