---
title: In 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, and the lands of Rus paid them t… — The Mongols · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, and the lands of Rus paid them tribute, money and goods handed over every year, for about two hundred years. Who acts: Mongols, lands. A sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Mongols, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, and the lands of Rus paid them tribute, money and goods handed over every year, for about two hundred years.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mongols, lands · **What happens:** destroy, pay, hand over · **To what, where:** Kyiv, 1240, tribute, Mongols, money

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mongols, lands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:10
# text = In 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, and the lands of Rus paid them tribute, money and goods handed over every year, for about two hundred years.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 023-the-mongols.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1240	1240	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Mongols	Mongol	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
5	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	tribute	tribute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	15	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj
20	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
21	over	over	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	about	about	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	compound	_	_
28	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | the Mongols | Kyiv |  | 1240 |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Patient |
| 2 | **pay** | past | the lands of Rus | tribute and money and goods | Mongols *= mongol* |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient tribute=Asset |
| 3 | **hand over** | participle |  | money *not said here* |  |  | year | over *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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