--- title: The conquests were terrible for the cities that resisted, and in 124… — The Mongols · tree and pragmatics description: The conquests were terrible for the cities that resisted, and in 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, but once the fighting was over traders could cross Asia more safely than ever before. Who acts: conquests, cities, Mongols, fighting. A sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Mongols](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/) / 3 # The Mongols, sentence 3 The conquests were terrible for the cities that resisted, and in 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, but once the fighting was over traders could cross Asia more safely than ever before. **Who acts:** conquests, cities, Mongols, fighting, traders · **What happens:** be, resist, destroy, cross · **To what, where:** Kyiv, 1240, Asia This is a sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (conquests, cities, Mongols, fighting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:3 # text = The conquests were terrible for the cities that resisted, and in 1240 the Mongols destroyed Kyiv, but once the fighting was over traders could cross Asia more safely than ever before. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 023-the-mongols.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 conquests conquest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 terrible terrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 resisted resist VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 1240 1240 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 obl _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Mongols Mongol PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 16 destroyed destroy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 17 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 20 once once SCONJ IN _ 24 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 fighting fighting NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 over over ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 advcl _ _ 25 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 28 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 30 advmod _ _ 30 safely safely ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 31 than than SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 32 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 33 advmod _ _ 33 before before ADV RB _ 30 advcl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the conquests | | | | | for the cities; terrible *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **resist** | past | the cities | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **destroy** | past | the Mongols | Kyiv | | 1240 | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Patient | | 4 | **is** | past | the fighting | | | | | over *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **cross** | could | traders | Asia | | | | safely *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent asia=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Mongols, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/2/) - next →: [The Mongols, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/)