---
title: The Mongols used Chinese and Persian engineers to besiege walled cit… — The Mongols · tree and pragmatics
description: The Mongols used Chinese and Persian engineers to besiege walled cities, and cities that resisted were often destroyed and many people died. Who acts: Mongols, cities, many people. A sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Mongols, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mongols used Chinese and Persian engineers to besiege walled cities, and cities that resisted were often destroyed and many people died.

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**Who acts:** Mongols, cities, many people · **What happens:** use, besiege, wall, resist, destroy, die · **To what, where:** Chinese engineers, walled cities, cities

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mongols, cities, many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:8
# text = The Mongols used Chinese and Persian engineers to besiege walled cities, and cities that resisted were often destroyed and many people died.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 023-the-mongols.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mongols	Mongol	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Persian	Persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	engineers	engineer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	besiege	besiege	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	walled	wall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	resisted	resist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the Mongols | Chinese engineers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engineer=Patient |
| 2 | **besiege** | to-infinitive | the Mongols *not said here* | walled cities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **resist** | past | cities |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **destroy** | past · passive |  | cities |  |  |  | often *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 6 | **die** | past | many people |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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