--- title: Nobody knew about germs then; the real cause, a germ carried by flea… — The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics description: Nobody knew about germs then; the real cause, a germ carried by fleas on rats and other animals, was found more than 500 years later, in 1894. Who acts: Nobody. A sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Black Death and the end of the Mid…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/) / 1 # The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages, sentence 1 Nobody knew about germs then; the real cause, a germ carried by fleas on rats and other animals, was found more than 500 years later, in 1894. **Who acts:** Nobody · **What happens:** know, carry, find · **To what, where:** germ, rats, real cause, 1894 This is a sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:1 # text = Nobody knew about germs then; the real cause, a germ carried by fleas on rats and other animals, was found more than 500 years later, in 1894. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 2 nsubj _ _ 2 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 about about ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 13 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 fleas flea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 rats rat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 24 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 26 advmod _ _ 25 than than ADP IN _ 24 fixed _ _ 26 500 500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 27 nummod _ _ 27 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl:unmarked _ _ 28 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 23 advmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 1894 1894 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past | Nobody | | | | then | about germs | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about germ=Stimulus | | 2 | **carry** | participle | | a germ *not said here* | | rats and other animals | | by fleas | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **find** | past · passive | | the real cause | | 1894 | | late *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Black Death and the end of the Mid…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/0/) - next →: [The Black Death and the end of the Mid…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/)