--- title: In 1453 the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II captured Constanti… — The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics description: In 1453 the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire, and Greek scholars fled to Italy with their books. Who acts: Ottoman Turks, Greek scholars. A sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Black Death and the end of the Mid…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/) / 18 # The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages, sentence 18 In 1453 the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire, and Greek scholars fled to Italy with their books. **Who acts:** Ottoman Turks, Greek scholars · **What happens:** lead, capture, end, flee · **To what, where:** Ottoman Turks, 1453, Byzantine Empire, Italy This is a sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ottoman Turks, Greek scholars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:18 # text = In 1453 the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire, and Greek scholars fled to Italy with their books. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 2 1453 1453 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 11 obl _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Ottoman ottoman NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 Turks turk PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 6 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Sultan Sultan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl:agent _ _ 9 Mehmed Mehmed PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 10 II II NUM CD NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 11 captured capture VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 ending end VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 advcl _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 Byzantine Byzantine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 scholars scholar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 fled flee VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Italy Italy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lead** | participle | | the Ottoman Turks *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 2 | **capture** | past | the Ottoman Turks | 1453 | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constantinople=Theme | | 3 | **end** | gerund | the Ottoman Turks *not said here* | the Byzantine Empire | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality empire=Eventuality | | 4 | **flee** | past | Greek scholars | | | Italy | | with scholars's books | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to italy=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Black Death and the end of the Mid…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/16/) - next →: [Printing, the Renaissance and the Refo…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/)