--- title: Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, when artists and thinkers grew excited again about the ar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / Printing, the Renaissance and the Refo… # Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation Lesson 25 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/0/) — The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, when artists and thinkers grew excited again about the art and learning of ancient Greece and Rome. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/1/) — Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press with movable metal letters; before that, every European book was copied by hand, like writing out a whole Harry Potter book with a pen. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/2/) — Printing in China and Korea was even older, but Gutenberg's press spread ideas across Europe so fast that nobody could stop them, which is why Martin Luther's criticism of the Church in 1517 split western Christianity. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/3/) — This was the age of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, of Shakespeare writing plays for London's Globe theatre, of Elizabeth I's ships beating the Spanish Armada, and of Suleiman the Magnificent ruling the mighty Ottoman Empire. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/4/) — The Renaissance, meaning rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s with new excitement about Greek and Roman learning and art. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/5/) — Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press with movable metal letters that could be reused. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/6/) — Printing was older in East Asia: the Chinese printed with carved wooden blocks, and Korea printed a book with metal type in 1377. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/7/) — Before printing, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were rare and very expensive; within about fifty years of Gutenberg millions of books had been printed. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/8/) — Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, studied the human body and drew ideas for flying machines in notebooks written in mirror writing, though most of his machines were never built and many would not have worked. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/10/) — In 1517 Martin Luther, a German monk, criticised the Church for selling forgiveness, and printing spread his ideas quickly. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/11/) — The Reformation split western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant churches, which led to long wars and later to more religious freedom. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/12/) — Reformers translated the Bible from Latin into German, English and other languages so ordinary people could read it themselves. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/13/) — William Shakespeare wrote plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth around 1600 for the Globe theatre in London, and he first wrote down many words and phrases still used today, such as wild-goose chase. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/14/) — Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years, and in 1588 her navy and stormy weather defeated the Spanish Armada. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/15/) — Suleiman the Magnificent ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height in the 1500s, from Hungary to Iraq and North Africa, and was famous for his laws and great mosques. - ← previous: [The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/) - next →: [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)