---
title: The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, w… — Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation · tree and pragmatics
description: The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, when artists and thinkers grew excited again about the art and learning of ancient Greece and Rome. Who acts: Renaissance, artists. A sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mov
---

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# Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, when artists and thinkers grew excited again about the art and learning of ancient Greece and Rome.

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**Who acts:** Renaissance, artists · **What happens:** mean, begin, grow · **To what, where:** rebirth, Italy

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Renaissance, artists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:0
# text = The Renaissance, which means rebirth, began in Italy in the 1400s, when artists and thinkers grew excited again about the art and learning of ancient Greece and Rome.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	rebirth	rebirth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	1400s	1400s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
20	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	again	again	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:nmod
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the Renaissance | rebirth |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rebirth=Topic |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the Renaissance |  |  | Italy |  | in the 1400s | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **grow** | past | artists and thinkers |  |  |  | again | excited *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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