--- title: Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press wit… — Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation · tree and pragmatics description: Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press with movable metal letters; before that, every European book was copied by hand, like writing out a whole Harry Potter book with a pen. Who acts: Johannes, hand. A sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Printing, the Renaissance and the Refo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/) / 1 # Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation, sentence 1 Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press with movable metal letters; before that, every European book was copied by hand, like writing out a whole Harry Potter book with a pen. **Who acts:** Johannes, hand · **What happens:** build, copy, write out · **To what, where:** printing press, 1450, European book, that, whole Potter book This is a sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Johannes, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:1 # text = Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg in Germany built a printing press with movable metal letters; before that, every European book was copied by hand, like writing out a whole Harry Potter book with a pen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Around around ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1450 1450 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 3 Johannes Johannes PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 Gutenberg Gutenberg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Germany Germany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 press press NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 movable movable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 before before ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 23 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 19 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 21 det _ _ 20 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 copied copy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 24 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 like like SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 28 writing write VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 29 out out ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 31 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 32 Harry Harry PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 Potter Potter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 pen pen NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:nmod 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past | Johannes in Germany | a printing press | | 1450 | | with movable metal letters | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent press=Theme with letter=Source | | 2 | **copy** | past · passive | hand | every European book | | that | | | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme before that=Destination | | 3 | **write out** | gerund | hand *not said here* | a whole Potter book | | | | with a pen | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Printing, the Renaissance and the Refo…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/0/) - next →: [Printing, the Renaissance and the Refo…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/)