---
title: Printing in China and Korea was even older, but Gutenberg's press sp… — Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation · tree and pragmatics
description: Printing in China and Korea was even older, but Gutenberg's press spread ideas across Europe so fast that nobody could stop them, which is why Martin Luther's criticism of the Church in 1517 split western Christianity. Who acts: Printing, press, nobody, Luther criticism. A sentence of the lesson «Pr
---

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# Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation, sentence 2

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Printing in China and Korea was even older, but Gutenberg's press spread ideas across Europe so fast that nobody could stop them, which is why Martin Luther's criticism of the Church in 1517 split western Christianity.

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**Who acts:** Printing, press, nobody, Luther criticism, Gutenberg · **What happens:** be, spread, stop, split, press · **To what, where:** ideas, Europe, western Christianity

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Printing, press, nobody, Luther criticism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:2
# text = Printing in China and Korea was even older, but Gutenberg's press spread ideas across Europe so fast that nobody could stop them, which is why Martin Luther's criticism of the Church in 1517 split western Christianity.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=8:punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	press	press	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	across	across	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:advmod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	23	nsubj	_	_
22	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	ccomp	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	38	advmod	_	_
29	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Luther	luther	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
31	's	's	PART	POS	_	30	case	_	_
32	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	1517	1517	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	nmod	_	_
38	split	split	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
39	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Printing in China and Korea |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | past | Gutenberg's press | ideas |  | Europe |  | fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | could | nobody | ideas *= idea* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector they=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **split** | past | Luther criticism of the Church in 1517 | western Christianity |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christianity=Patient |
| 6 | **press** |  | Gutenberg |  |  |  |  |  | nom press «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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