--- title: Portuguese sailors crept down the coast of Africa in small, handy sh… — Explorers: around Africa and Columbus · tree and pragmatics description: Portuguese sailors crept down the coast of Africa in small, handy ships called caravels, mapping as they went, until Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498. Who acts: Portuguese sailors, small handy ships, sailors, Vasco da Gama. A sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/) / 1 # Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, sentence 1 Portuguese sailors crept down the coast of Africa in small, handy ships called caravels, mapping as they went, until Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498. **Who acts:** Portuguese sailors, small handy ships, sailors, Vasco da Gama · **What happens:** creep, call, map, go, reach · **To what, where:** small handy ships, caravels, India, 1498 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese sailors, small handy ships, sailors, Vasco da Gama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:1 # text = Portuguese sailors crept down the coast of Africa in small, handy ships called caravels, mapping as they went, until Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Portuguese Portuguese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 crept creep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 down down ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 12 handy handy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 14 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 caravels caravel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 xcomp _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 mapping map VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 18 as as SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 22 until until SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 23 Vasco Vasco PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 24 da da PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 Gama Gama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:advcl 27 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 1498 1498 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **creep** | past | Portuguese sailors | | | small handy ships | | down the coast of Africa | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down coast=Trajectory | | 2 | **call** | participle | small handy ships *not said here* | caravels | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **map** | gerund | Portuguese sailors *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **go** | past | sailors *= sailor* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **reach** | past | Vasco da Gama | India | | 1498 | | by sea | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent india=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/0/) - next →: [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/)