--- title: The first people Columbus met were the Taíno, who farmed, fished and… — Explorers: around Africa and Columbus · tree and pragmatics description: The first people Columbus met were the Taíno, who farmed, fished and made hammocks and canoes; within a few decades most of them had died from disease, forced labour and violence. Who acts: Columbus, first people, Taíno, most. A sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the h --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/) / 13 # Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, sentence 13 The first people Columbus met were the Taíno, who farmed, fished and made hammocks and canoes; within a few decades most of them had died from disease, forced labour and violence. **Who acts:** Columbus, first people, Taíno, most · **What happens:** meet, be, farm, fish, make, die · **To what, where:** first people, Taíno, hammocks, disease This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Columbus, first people, Taíno, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:13 # text = The first people Columbus met were the Taíno, who farmed, fished and made hammocks and canoes; within a few decades most of them had died from disease, forced labour and violence. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 3 amod _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 4 Columbus Columbus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Taíno Taíno PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 farmed farm VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 fished fish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=13:conj 16 hammocks hammock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 canoes canoe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 20 within within ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 decades decade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 24 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 28 nsubj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod _ _ 27 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 died die VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 amod _ _ 33 labour labour NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 violence violence NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **meet** | past | Columbus | the first people *not said here* | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Co-Agent | | 2 | **is a** | past | the first people | the Taíno | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **farm** | past | the Taíno | | | | | | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fish** | past | the Taíno *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **make** | past | the Taíno *not said here* | hammocks and canoes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hammock=Product | | 6 | **die** | past · perfect | most of people | | | disease and forced labour and violence | decade | | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from disease=Causer | | 7 | **force** | participle | | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/12/) - next →: [Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/)