--- title: Long before any European ship arrived, Polynesian navigators crossed… — Explorers: Cook and the Pacific · tree and pragmatics description: Long before any European ship arrived, Polynesian navigators crossed the Pacific in double canoes, reading the stars, the waves and the flight of birds, and settled islands from Hawaii to New Zealand. Who acts: European ship, Polynesian navigators. A sentence of the lesson «Explorers: Cook and the P --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Explorers: Cook and the Pacific](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/) / 0 # Explorers: Cook and the Pacific, sentence 0 Long before any European ship arrived, Polynesian navigators crossed the Pacific in double canoes, reading the stars, the waves and the flight of birds, and settled islands from Hawaii to New Zealand. **Who acts:** European ship, Polynesian navigators · **What happens:** arrive, cross, read, settle · **To what, where:** Pacific, stars, Hawaii This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: Cook and the Pacific» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European ship, Polynesian navigators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:028-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific.lesson:0 # text = Long before any European ship arrived, Polynesian navigators crossed the Pacific in double canoes, reading the stars, the waves and the flight of birds, and settled islands from Hawaii to New Zealand. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 028-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 6 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advmod 2 before before SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 3 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 5 det _ _ 4 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 arrived arrive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 8 Polynesian polynesian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 9 navigators navigator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 crossed cross VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Pacific Pacific PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 canoes canoe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 reading read VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:obj 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 settled settle VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 31 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Hawaii Hawaii PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 New New PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 Zealand Zealand PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **arrive** | past | any European ship | | | | | long *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **cross** | past | Polynesian navigators | the Pacific | | | | in double canoes | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent pacific=Patient in canoe=Topic | | 3 | **read** | gerund | Polynesian navigators *not said here* | the stars and the waves and the flight of birds | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Topic | | 4 | **settle** | past | Polynesian navigators *not said here* | | | Hawaii to New Zealand | | | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:028-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Explorers: Magellan around the world,…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there/17/) - next →: [Explorers: Cook and the Pacific, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/)