--- title: The age of science — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «The age of science», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenti --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / The age of science # The age of science Lesson 29 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/29-the-age-of-science/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/0/) — For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenting, and when the test disagreed with the book, the book lost. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/1/) — In 1543 Copernicus wrote that the Earth goes round the Sun, Galileo's telescope found moons circling Jupiter, and Newton showed that the same gravity pulls an apple down and keeps the Moon going round the Earth. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/3/) — Jenner's vaccine against smallpox led to the disease being wiped out completely in 1980, Darwin explained how living things slowly change over many generations, and Marie Curie became the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/4/) — In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus wrote that the Earth goes around the Sun, while most people before had believed the Sun went around the Earth. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/5/) — Galileo Galilei used a telescope to see moons around Jupiter and mountains on the Moon, and the Church put him on trial in 1633 and forced him to take back his support for Copernicus. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/6/) — The telescope was invented in the Netherlands in 1608, and Galileo built better ones and turned them to the sky. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/7/) — Isaac Newton explained that gravity makes an apple fall and keeps the Moon going around the Earth, and his laws of motion are still used to send rockets into space. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/8/) — Newton said a falling apple made him think about gravity, but the story that it hit him on the head is probably made up. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/9/) — The scientific method means testing ideas by careful experiments and measurements rather than trusting old books. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/10/) — Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made tiny powerful lenses and was the first to see living microbes in a drop of water, in the 1670s. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/11/) — William Harvey showed in 1628 that the heart pumps blood around the body in a circle. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/12/) — In the 1800s Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved that germs cause many diseases, and washing hands, clean water and pasteurised milk saved millions of lives. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/13/) — In 1796 Edward Jenner protected a boy from smallpox by giving him the much milder cowpox. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/14/) — Smallpox, which once killed millions, was wiped out completely in 1980 thanks to vaccines. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/16/) — Marie Curie, born in Poland and working in France, discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium and was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, in two different sciences, physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911. - ← previous: [Explorers: Cook and the Pacific](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/) - next →: [The Industrial Revolution](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)