--- title: For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; i… — The age of science · tree and pragmatics description: For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenting, and when the test disagreed with the book, the book lost. Who acts: people, world, test, book. A sentence of the lesson «The age of science» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The age of science](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/) / 0 # The age of science, sentence 0 For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenting, and when the test disagreed with the book, the book lost. **Who acts:** people, world, test, book · **What happens:** trust, say, work, begin, test, look · **To what, where:** old books, age, ideas · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, world, test, book), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:029-the-age-of-science.lesson:0 # text = For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenting, and when the test disagreed with the book, the book lost. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 029-the-age-of-science.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4 1 For for ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 trusted trust VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:acl 9 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 science science NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:mark 22 test test VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:xcomp 24 by by SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 25 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 measuring measure VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 experimenting experiment VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=27:conj 30 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 32 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 advmod _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 disagreed disagree VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 advcl _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 42 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **trust** | past | people | old books | | | century | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **work** | present | the world | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **begin** | past | people | | | | in the age of science | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **test** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | ideas | | | | | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme | | 6 | **look** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 7 | **measure** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **experiment** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **disagree** | past | the test | | | | | with the book | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with book=Co-Agent | | 10 | **lose** | past | the book | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:029-the-age-of-science.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Explorers: Cook and the Pacific, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/15/) - next →: [The age of science, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/)