---
title: Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers, the Tigris and the Eu… — Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing · tree and pragmatics
description: Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, in what is now mostly Iraq. Who acts: Mesopotamia. A sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing, sentence 9

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Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, in what is now mostly Iraq.

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**Who acts:** Mesopotamia · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** land, Iraq

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mesopotamia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:9
# text = Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, in what is now mostly Iraq.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Tigris	Tigris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:appos
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Euphrates	euphrates	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	obl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Mesopotamia | the land |  |  |  | between the rivers and the Tigris and the Euphrates | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot land=Theme in what=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Iraq |  |  | now | mostly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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