---
title: James Watt greatly improved the steam engine; he did not invent it,… — The Industrial Revolution · tree and pragmatics
description: James Watt greatly improved the steam engine; he did not invent it, as earlier steam engines already pumped water out of mines. Who acts: James, earlier steam engines. A sentence of the lesson «The Industrial Revolution» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/6/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Industrial Revolution](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/) / 6

# The Industrial Revolution, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
James Watt greatly improved the steam engine; he did not invent it, as earlier steam engines already pumped water out of mines.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** James, earlier steam engines · **What happens:** improve, not invent, pump · **To what, where:** steam engine, engine, water, mines

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Industrial Revolution» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (James, earlier steam engines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:030-the-industrial-revolution.lesson:6
# text = James Watt greatly improved the steam engine; he did not invent it, as earlier steam engines already pumped water out of mines.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 030-the-industrial-revolution.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Watt	Watt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
17	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	already	already	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	pumped	pump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | past | James | the steam engine |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent engine=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **invent** | past · do-support | James | engine |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result |
| 3 | **pump** | past | earlier steam engines | water |  | mines |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme out mine=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:030-the-industrial-revolution.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The Industrial Revolution, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/5/)
- next →: [The Industrial Revolution, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/7/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/30-the-industrial-revolution/)