--- title: From the 1500s to the 1800s European traders carried about 12 millio… — Slavery and its abolition · tree and pragmatics description: From the 1500s to the 1800s European traders carried about 12 million Africans across the Atlantic by force to work on plantations of sugar, cotton and tobacco in the Americas. Who acts: European traders. A sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Slavery and its abolition](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/) / 1 # Slavery and its abolition, sentence 1 From the 1500s to the 1800s European traders carried about 12 million Africans across the Atlantic by force to work on plantations of sugar, cotton and tobacco in the Americas. **Who acts:** European traders · **What happens:** carry, work · **To what, where:** million Africans, 1500s This is a sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European traders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:1 # text = From the 1500s to the 1800s European traders carried about 12 million Africans across the Atlantic by force to work on plantations of sugar, cotton and tobacco in the Americas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 From from ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 3 nmod _ _ 7 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 9 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 12 12 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:nummod 12 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 Africans African PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obl 14 across across ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 17 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 force force NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:acl 21 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 plantations plantation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 cotton cotton NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 tobacco tobacco NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | past | European traders | million Africans | | the 1500s to the 1800s | | across the Atlantic; by force | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent african=Theme from 1500=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **work** | to-infinitive | European traders *not said here* | | | | | on plantations of sugar and cotton and tobacco in the Americas | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on plantation=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Slavery and its abolition, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/0/) - next →: [Slavery and its abolition, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/)