---
title: In the triangle of trade, ships took goods from Europe to Africa, en… — Slavery and its abolition · tree and pragmatics
description: In the triangle of trade, ships took goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved people from Africa to the Americas, and sugar, cotton and tobacco back to Europe. Who acts: ships. A sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a
---

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# Slavery and its abolition, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the triangle of trade, ships took goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved people from Africa to the Americas, and sugar, cotton and tobacco back to Europe.

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**Who acts:** ships · **What happens:** take, enslave · **To what, where:** goods, Africa, triangle, people

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:6
# text = In the triangle of trade, ships took goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved people from Africa to the Americas, and sugar, cotton and tobacco back to Europe.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Americas	Americas	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	tobacco	tobacco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
29	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | ships | goods | Africa | the triangle of trade |  | from Europe | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent goods=Theme from europe=Initial\_Location to africa=Destination |
| 2 | **enslave** | past | ships *not said here* | people |  | Africa |  | to the Americas; sugar and cotton and tobacco *obl* | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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