---
title: By 1914 Europe's big powers were rivals in two alliances: Germany an… — The First World War · tree and pragmatics
description: By 1914 Europe's big powers were rivals in two alliances: Germany and Austria-Hungary on one side, and France, Russia and Britain on the other. Who acts: big powers. A sentence of the lesson «The First World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# The First World War, sentence 5

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By 1914 Europe's big powers were rivals in two alliances: Germany and Austria-Hungary on one side, and France, Russia and Britain on the other.

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**Who acts:** big powers · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** rivals, two alliances

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The First World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:033-the-first-world-war.lesson:5
# text = By 1914 Europe's big powers were rivals in two alliances: Germany and Austria-Hungary on one side, and France, Russia and Britain on the other.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 033-the-first-world-war.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
3	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	rivals	rival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	alliances	alliance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Austria	Austria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Hungary	Hungary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Europe's big powers | rivals |  | two alliances |  | by 1914 | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:033-the-first-world-war.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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