--- title: Ukraine was one of the places worst hit: fighting went back and fort… — The Second World War · tree and pragmatics description: Ukraine was one of the places worst hit: fighting went back and forth across it, cities were ruined, and millions of Ukrainians died as soldiers and as civilians. Who acts: Ukraine, fighting, millions. A sentence of the lesson «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Second World War](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/) / 10 # The Second World War, sentence 10 Ukraine was one of the places worst hit: fighting went back and forth across it, cities were ruined, and millions of Ukrainians died as soldiers and as civilians. **Who acts:** Ukraine, fighting, millions · **What happens:** be, hit, go back, ruin, die · **To what, where:** one, places, label, cities This is a sentence of the lesson «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukraine, fighting, millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:034-the-second-world-war.lesson:10 # text = Ukraine was one of the places worst hit: fighting went back and forth across it, cities were ruined, and millions of Ukrainians died as soldiers and as civilians. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 034-the-second-world-war.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 worst bad ADV RBS Degree=Sup 8 advmod _ _ 8 hit hit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 fighting fighting NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:nsubj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 11 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 12 back back ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 forth forth ADV RB _ 12 conj _ _ 15 across across ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 ruined ruin VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 23 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Ukrainians Ukrainian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 26 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 parataxis _ _ 27 as as ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 civilians civilian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Ukraine | one | | | | of the places | tree rules | | 2 | **hit** | participle | | the places *not said here* | | | | bad *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **go back** | past | fighting | | | label | | | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **ruin** | past · passive | | cities | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **die** | past | millions of Ukrainians | | | | | as soldiers and civilians | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:034-the-second-world-war.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Second World War, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/9/) - next →: [The Second World War, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/)