--- title: In 1940 Germany conquered much of Europe, but Britain, led by Winsto… — The Second World War · tree and pragmatics description: In 1940 Germany conquered much of Europe, but Britain, led by Winston Churchill, fought on, and the Royal Air Force won the Battle of Britain in the skies. Who acts: Germany, Britain, Royal Air Force. A sentence of the lesson «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Second World War](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/) / 8 # The Second World War, sentence 8 In 1940 Germany conquered much of Europe, but Britain, led by Winston Churchill, fought on, and the Royal Air Force won the Battle of Britain in the skies. **Who acts:** Germany, Britain, Royal Air Force · **What happens:** conquer, lead, fight, win · **To what, where:** much, 1940, Britain, Battle, skies This is a sentence of the lesson «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germany, Britain, Royal Air Force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:034-the-second-world-war.lesson:8 # text = In 1940 Germany conquered much of Europe, but Britain, led by Winston Churchill, fought on, and the Royal Air Force won the Battle of Britain in the skies. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 034-the-second-world-war.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1940 1940 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 3 Germany Germany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 conquered conquer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:amod 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:obl 8 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Winston Winston PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl:agent _ _ 15 Churchill Churchill PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 flat _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 18 on on ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 22 Royal Royal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 flat _ _ 23 Air Air PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 flat _ _ 24 Force Force PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Battle battle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 skies sky NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conquer** | past | Germany | much of Europe | | 1940 | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient | | 2 | **lead** | participle | | Britain *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 3 | **fight** | past | Britain | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **win** | past | the Royal Air Force | the Battle of Britain | | the skies | | | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:034-the-second-world-war.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Second World War, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/7/) - next →: [The Second World War, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/)