--- title: Britain was settled wave after wave by Celtic Britons, Romans, Anglo… — Britain and Ireland: a short story · tree and pragmatics description: Britain was settled wave after wave by Celtic Britons, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans, and in modern times by people from all over the world, so English is a mix of many languages, like a stew with something from everyone who came to dinner. Who acts: Celtic Britons, English. A sentence o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Britain and Ireland: a short story](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/) / 0 # Britain and Ireland: a short story, sentence 0 Britain was settled wave after wave by Celtic Britons, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans, and in modern times by people from all over the world, so English is a mix of many languages, like a stew with something from everyone who came to dinner. **Who acts:** Celtic Britons, English · **What happens:** settle, be, come · **To what, where:** Britain, mix, dinner This is a sentence of the lesson «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Celtic Britons, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson:0 # text = Britain was settled wave after wave by Celtic Britons, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans, and in modern times by people from all over the world, so English is a mix of many languages, like a stew with something from everyone who came to dinner. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 settled settle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 after after ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 Celtic celtic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 Britons briton PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 obl:agent _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obl:agent|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 Romans Roman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 Anglo Anglo X AFX _ 15 compound _ _ 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ _ 15 Saxons Saxon PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 Vikings viking PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 Normans Norman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 28 all all ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 29 over over ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 34 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 mix mix NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 stew stew NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 45 with with ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 44 nmod _ _ 47 from from ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 46 nmod _ _ 49 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 50 nsubj _ _ 50 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 acl:relcl _ _ 51 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 dinner dinner NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **settle** | past · passive | Celtic Britons and Romans and Anglo Saxons and Vikings and Normans and modern times by people from the world | Britain | | | | wave after wave *obl:unmarked* | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme subject=Location | | 2 | **is a** | present | English | a mix | | | | of many languages; like a stew with something | tree rules | | 3 | **come** | past | | | | dinner | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to dinner=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Computers and the internet, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/36-computers-and-the-internet/16/) - next →: [Britain and Ireland: a short story, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/)