---
title: After 1066 French became the language of the rulers, and thousands o… — Britain and Ireland: a short story · tree and pragmatics
description: After 1066 French became the language of the rulers, and thousands of French words entered English. Who acts: French, thousands. A sentence of the lesson «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Britain and Ireland: a short story, sentence 7

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After 1066 French became the language of the rulers, and thousands of French words entered English.

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**Who acts:** French, thousands · **What happens:** become, enter · **To what, where:** language, English

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson:7
# text = After 1066 French became the language of the rulers, and thousands of French words entered English.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1066	1066	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
3	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obj
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=4:cc
12	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | French | the language of the rulers |  |  | after 1066 |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **enter** | past | thousands of French words |  | English |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme english=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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