--- title: For over a hundred years many Indigenous children were taken from th… — Canada: a short story · tree and pragmatics description: For over a hundred years many Indigenous children were taken from their families to residential schools, where they were forbidden to speak their own languages and many were treated badly; the last schools closed only in the 1990s, so many who went there are alive today. A sentence of the lesson «Ca --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Canada: a short story](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/) / 13 # Canada: a short story, sentence 13 For over a hundred years many Indigenous children were taken from their families to residential schools, where they were forbidden to speak their own languages and many were treated badly; the last schools closed only in the 1990s, so many who went there are alive today. **What happens:** take, forbid, speak, treat, close, go · **To what, where:** many Indigenous children, families, children, own languages, last schools · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Canada: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:039-canada-a-short-story.lesson:13 # text = For over a hundred years many Indigenous children were taken from their families to residential schools, where they were forbidden to speak their own languages and many were treated badly; the last schools closed only in the 1990s, so many who went there are alive today. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 039-canada-a-short-story.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 For for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 2 over over ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 6 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 8 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 11 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 families family NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 residential residential ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 schools school NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 21 advmod _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 20 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:cop 21 forbidden forbid VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl:relcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:parataxis|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 speak speak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 25 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ _ 29 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 treated treat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 31 badly badly ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 schools school NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 closed close VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 37 only only ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 1990s 1990s NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 36 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 so so ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 conj _ _ 44 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 45 nsubj _ _ 45 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 acl:relcl _ _ 46 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 45 advmod _ _ 47 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 cop _ _ 48 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 parataxis _ _ 49 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl:unmarked _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past · passive | | many Indigenous children | | children's families | year | to residential schools | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from family=Initial\_Location to school=Destination | | 2 | **forbid** | past · passive | | children *= child* | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | | children's own languages | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **treat** | past · passive | | | | | | badly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient» | | 5 | **close** | participle · passive | | the last schools | | | | in the 1990s | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in 1990s=Topic | | 6 | **go** | past | | | | there | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **is** | present | | | | | today | alive *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:039-canada-a-short-story.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Canada: a short story, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/11/) - next →: [Canada: a short story, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/)