--- title: Once there were cities, people needed ways to move goods, settle qua… — Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires · tree and pragmatics description: Once there were cities, people needed ways to move goods, settle quarrels and rule large lands, and Mesopotamia tried all three. Who acts: cities, people, Mesopotamia. A sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/) / 0 # Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 0 Once there were cities, people needed ways to move goods, settle quarrels and rule large lands, and Mesopotamia tried all three. **Who acts:** cities, people, Mesopotamia · **What happens:** be, need, move, settle, rule, try · **To what, where:** ways, goods, quarrels, large lands, three This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cities, people, Mesopotamia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:0 # text = Once there were cities, people needed ways to move goods, settle quarrels and rule large lands, and Mesopotamia tried all three. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Once once SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 there there PRON EX _ 3 expl _ _ 3 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:advcl|HaikuPos=AUX:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 needed need VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 8 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 acl _ _ 11 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 13 settle settle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 14 quarrels quarrel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 rule rule VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ _ 17 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 tried try VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=0:root 23 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 24 det _ _ 24 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 obj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | cities | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **need** | past | people | ways | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme | | 3 | **move** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | goods | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent goods=Theme | | 4 | **settle** | infinitive | people *not said here* | quarrels | | | | | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme quarrel=Location | | 5 | **rule** | infinitive | people *not said here* | large lands | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme | | 6 | **try** | past | Mesopotamia | all three | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mesopotamia: the first cities and writ…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/3-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing/21/) - next →: [Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/)