--- title: The wheel appeared about 5,500 years ago, first for potters and soon… — Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires · tree and pragmatics description: The wheel appeared about 5,500 years ago, first for potters and soon for carts, though people had already farmed and built towns for thousands of years before it. Who acts: wheel, people. A sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/) / 1 # Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 1 The wheel appeared about 5,500 years ago, first for potters and soon for carts, though people had already farmed and built towns for thousands of years before it. **Who acts:** wheel, people · **What happens:** appear, farm, build · **To what, where:** towns This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wheel, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:1 # text = The wheel appeared about 5,500 years ago, first for potters and soon for carts, though people had already farmed and built towns for thousands of years before it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 appeared appear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 5,500 5,500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl:unmarked 7 ago ago ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 11 advmod _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 potters potter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 15 advmod _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 carts cart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 though though SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 19 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 20 already already ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 farmed farm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 21 conj _ _ 24 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 29 before before ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **appear** | past | the wheel | | | | | for potters and carts; ago *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **farm** | past · perfect | people | | | | before wheel | for thousands of years | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **build** | participle | people *not said here* | towns | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset town=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/0/) - next →: [Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/)