---
title: Old writers said Babylon had Hanging Gardens on terraces (wide steps… — Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires · tree and pragmatics
description: Old writers said Babylon had Hanging Gardens on terraces (wide steps of earth, one above another), one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, but no one has found clear remains, so some historians doubt they were there. Who acts: Old writers, Babylon, one, historians. A sentence of the lesson «M
---

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# Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 12

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Old writers said Babylon had Hanging Gardens on terraces (wide steps of earth, one above another), one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, but no one has found clear remains, so some historians doubt they were there.

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**Who acts:** Old writers, Babylon, one, historians · **What happens:** say, have, find, doubt, be, step · **To what, where:** Hanging Gardens, clear remains, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old writers, Babylon, one, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:12
# text = Old writers said Babylon had Hanging Gardens on terraces (wide steps of earth, one above another), one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, but no one has found clear remains, so some historians doubt they were there.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	Hanging	Hanging	PROPN	NNP	_	7	compound	_	_
7	Gardens	Gardens	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	terraces	terrace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
11	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	appos	_	_
17	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	nmod	_	_
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	Wonders	wonder	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
33	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj
36	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	35	obj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	41	det	_	_
41	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
42	doubt	doubt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
43	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
45	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	42	ccomp	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Old writers |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | Babylon | Hanging Gardens |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gardens=Patient |
| 3 | **find** | present · perfect | no one | clear remains |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Topic |
| 4 | **doubt** | present | some historians |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | historians *= historian* |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **step** |  |  | earth |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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