--- title: Over about 80 years Britain sent around 160,000 convicts to Australi… — Australia and New Zealand: a short story · tree and pragmatics description: Over about 80 years Britain sent around 160,000 convicts to Australia, many for small crimes such as stealing food, and many later became free farmers and townspeople. Who acts: Britain, many small crimes, many. A sentence of the lesson «Australia and New Zealand: a short story» of the history cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/40-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Australia and New Zealand: a short story](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/40-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story/) / 9 # Australia and New Zealand: a short story, sentence 9 Over about 80 years Britain sent around 160,000 convicts to Australia, many for small crimes such as stealing food, and many later became free farmers and townspeople. **Who acts:** Britain, many small crimes, many · **What happens:** send around, steal, become · **To what, where:** 160,000 convicts, Australia, food, free farmers This is a sentence of the lesson «Australia and New Zealand: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain, many small crimes, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:040-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story.lesson:9 # text = Over about 80 years Britain sent around 160,000 convicts to Australia, many for small crimes such as stealing food, and many later became free farmers and townspeople. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 040-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Over over ADP IN _ 4 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 2 about about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 80 80 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nsubj 6 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 around around ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod 8 160,000 160,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 convicts convict NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 crimes crime NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 17 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 19 mark _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 17 fixed _ _ 19 stealing steal VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 acl:relcl _ _ 20 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 nsubj _ _ 24 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 25 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 26 free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 xcomp _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 townspeople townspeople NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 30 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send around** | past | Britain | 160,000 convicts and many small crimes | Australia | | year | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent convict=Theme to australia=Destination | | 2 | **steal** | gerund | many small crimes *not said here* | food | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme | | 3 | **become** | past | many | free farmers and townspeople | | | | late *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:040-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Australia and New Zealand: a short story, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/40-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story/8/) - next →: [Australia and New Zealand: a short story, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/40-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/40-australia-and-new-zealand-a-short-story/)