--- title: The chronicle says Varangian (Scandinavian) leaders such as Oleh cam… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics description: The chronicle says Varangian (Scandinavian) leaders such as Oleh came to rule Kyiv in the 9th century; names like Oleh (Helgi) and Olha (Helga) come from Old Norse, and within a few generations the rulers spoke the local Slavic language. Who acts: chronicle, Varangian Scandinavian leaders, names, ru --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/) / 11 # Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, sentence 11 The chronicle says Varangian (Scandinavian) leaders such as Oleh came to rule Kyiv in the 9th century; names like Oleh (Helgi) and Olha (Helga) come from Old Norse, and within a few generations the rulers spoke the local Slavic language. **Who acts:** chronicle, Varangian Scandinavian leaders, names, rulers · **What happens:** say, come, rule, speak · **To what, where:** Kyiv, Old Norse, local Slavic language · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chronicle, Varangian Scandinavian leaders, names, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:11 # text = The chronicle says Varangian (Scandinavian) leaders such as Oleh came to rule Kyiv in the 9th century; names like Oleh (Helgi) and Olha (Helga) come from Old Norse, and within a few generations the rulers spoke the local Slavic language. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 chronicle chronicle NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 Varangian varangian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 6 Scandinavian scandinavian NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 8 leaders leader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 9 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ _ 11 Oleh Oleh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:obl 12 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 rule rule VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 xcomp _ _ 15 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 9th 9th ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord 19 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 22 like like ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Oleh Oleh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Helgi Helgi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 Olha Olha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 29 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 30 punct _ _ 30 Helga Helga PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 appos _ _ 31 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 30 punct _ _ 32 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 33 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 Norse Norse PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 36 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 38 within within ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=44:nsubj 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=41:appos 44 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 46 local local ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 47 Slavic slavic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the chronicle | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **come** | past | Varangian Scandinavian leaders such Oleh | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **rule** | to-infinitive | Varangian Scandinavian leaders such Oleh *not said here* | Kyiv | | | century | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result | | 4 | **come** | present | names like Oleh and Olha | | | Old Norse | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from norse=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the rulers | the local Slavic language | | | within a few generations | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/10/) - next →: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/)