--- title: The Byzantine writer Leo the Deacon described Prince Sviatoslav with… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics description: The Byzantine writer Leo the Deacon described Prince Sviatoslav with a shaved head and one lock of hair; he defeated the Khazars, lost his war with Byzantium (the Greek-speaking empire whose capital was Constantinople) and was killed by Pechenegs, horsemen of the steppe, in 972, about five centuries --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/) / 13 # Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, sentence 13 The Byzantine writer Leo the Deacon described Prince Sviatoslav with a shaved head and one lock of hair; he defeated the Khazars, lost his war with Byzantium (the Greek-speaking empire whose capital was Constantinople) and was killed by Pechenegs, horsemen of the steppe, in 972, about five centuries before the first Cossacks. **Who acts:** Byzantine writer, Prince, capital, Pechenegs · **What happens:** describe, shave, defeat, lose, speak, be · **To what, where:** Prince, Khazars, war, 972, Constantinople · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Byzantine writer, Prince, capital, Pechenegs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:13 # text = The Byzantine writer Leo the Deacon described Prince Sviatoslav with a shaved head and one lock of hair; he defeated the Khazars, lost his war with Byzantium (the Greek-speaking empire whose capital was Constantinople) and was killed by Pechenegs, horsemen of the steppe, in 972, about five centuries before the first Cossacks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Byzantine byzantine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 writer writer NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Deacon deacon NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 7 described describe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 parataxis _ _ 8 Prince Prince PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 Sviatoslav Sviatoslav PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 shaved shave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 amod _ _ 13 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc 15 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 lock lock NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 defeated defeat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 Khazars Khazars PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 21 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:obj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct 25 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Byzantium Byzantium PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 32 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:amod 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ _ 34 speaking speak VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 amod _ _ 35 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 appos _ _ 36 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 39 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 40 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc 42 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 conj _ _ 44 by by ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 Pechenegs Pechenegs PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 43 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=43:obl|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 horsemen horseman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 parataxis _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 in in ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 972 972 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 obl _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 about about ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 56 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 57 nummod _ _ 57 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 nmod _ _ 58 before before ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 60 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 61 amod _ _ 61 Cossacks cossack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 57 nmod _ _ 62 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **describe** | past | the Byzantine writer and the Deacon | Prince | | | | with a shaved head and one lock of hair | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent prince=Theme | | 2 | **shave** | participle | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **defeat** | past | Prince | the Khazars | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **lose** | past | | Prince's war | | 972 five centuries before the first Cossacks | | with Byzantium | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Eventuality | | 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | past | Constantinople's capital | Constantinople | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **kill** | past · passive | Pechenegs | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **war** | | Prince | | | | | with Byzantium | nom war «act intransitive»: poss=agent with=obl | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/12/) - next →: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/)