--- title: In the 11th century Kyiv was one of Europe's largest cities, perhaps… — Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus · tree and pragmatics description: In the 11th century Kyiv was one of Europe's largest cities, perhaps 40,000–50,000 people, but Constantinople, Baghdad, Cordoba and Chinese cities were far larger. Who acts: Kyiv, Constantinople. A sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary scho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/) / 14 # Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, sentence 14 In the 11th century Kyiv was one of Europe's largest cities, perhaps 40,000–50,000 people, but Constantinople, Baghdad, Cordoba and Chinese cities were far larger. **Who acts:** Kyiv, Constantinople · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** one This is a sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kyiv, Constantinople), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:14 # text = In the 11th century Kyiv was one of Europe's largest cities, perhaps 40,000–50,000 people, but Constantinople, Baghdad, Cordoba and Chinese cities were far larger. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 11th 11th ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 5 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ _ 10 's 's PART POS _ 9 case _ _ 11 largest large ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 12 amod _ _ 12 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 15 40,000 40000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 16 – – SYM SYM ExtPos=ADP 17 case _ _ 17 50,000 50000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nmod _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 Baghdad Baghdad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Cordoba cordoba PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=25:conj 29 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 31 advmod _ _ 31 larger large ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Kyiv | one and 40,000 people | | | century | of Europe's largest cities | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | past | Constantinople and Baghdad and Cordoba and Chinese cities | | | | | far, large *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/13/) - next →: [Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/)