--- title: Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: In 1569 the Union of Lublin put most Ukrainian lands under the Polish crown; it was peaceful for the nobles but hard for m --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / Lithuanian and Polish times, the first… # Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks Lesson 43 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 13 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/). - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/1/) — In 1569 the Union of Lublin put most Ukrainian lands under the Polish crown; it was peaceful for the nobles but hard for many peasants, like a new school rule that suits the prefects and burdens everyone else. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/2/) — These centuries also brought schools and books: the Ostroh Bible of 1581, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy of 1632, and towns running their own courts under Magdeburg rights; the teacher had not heard of Ostroh, and Danylo was right about it. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/3/) — On the wild steppe frontier the first Cossacks appeared, runaway peasants and others who fished, hunted and fought Tatar slave raiders; they loved freedom, and many also served the Polish king for pay, so both «free» and «paid» are true. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/4/) — The wise lesson: one treaty can be good for some and bad for others, and past wrongs, like the slave raids, are history to learn, not a reason to hate a people living today. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/5/) — The Grand Duchy of Lithuania took most Ukrainian lands in the 14th century; its rulers were Lithuanian, its official written language was largely Ruthenian, and Orthodox Rus nobles kept their rights for a time. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/6/) — In 1569 the Union of Lublin joined Poland and Lithuania into the Commonwealth, and most Ukrainian lands passed to the Polish crown; many local nobles agreed for their own rights, while Orthodox peasants later faced heavier serfdom (being tied to a landowner's land and made to work for him). - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/7/) — Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozky founded the Ostroh Academy around 1576, and the Ostroh Bible of 1581, printed by Ivan Fedorov, was the first complete Bible in Church Slavonic; Krakow's university (1364) was older. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/9/) — Many towns in Ukrainian lands, such as Lviv and later Kyiv, received Magdeburg rights, which let townspeople run their own courts and councils, though Orthodox residents were sometimes kept out. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/10/) — In 1596, at the Union of Brest, some Orthodox bishops accepted the Pope while keeping their Eastern rites (their old ways of holding services), creating the Greek Catholic Church, strong in western Ukraine today; others refused, and both churches are Ukrainian. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/11/) — Cossacks appeared in the 15th–16th centuries in the steppe borderlands; they fished, hunted and fought Tatar raiders, and many served the Polish king as registered Cossacks for pay. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/13/) — Roksolana (Hurrem Sultan), a captive probably from Rohatyn in western Ukraine, became the wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and had great influence at court, but she did not rule the empire. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/14/) — Prince Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, called Baida, built a fortress on the island of Mala Khortytsia around 1552–1556, often seen as a forerunner of the Zaporizhian Sich; the story of his death in Istanbul comes from a folk song. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/15/) — In 1621 at Khotyn a Polish-Lithuanian army with about 40,000 Cossacks under Hetman Petro Sahaidachny (a hetman was the Cossacks' chosen commander) held off a large Ottoman army; the Cossacks were crucial, but the army was a joint one. - ← previous: [Volodymyr, Yaroslav the Wise and the Mongols](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/42-volodymyr-yaroslav-the-wise-and-the-mongols/) - next →: [The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)