--- title: On the wild steppe frontier the first Cossacks appeared, runaway pea… — Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks · tree and pragmatics description: On the wild steppe frontier the first Cossacks appeared, runaway peasants and others who fished, hunted and fought Tatar slave raiders; they loved freedom, and many also served the Polish king for pay, so both «free» and «paid» are true. Who acts: first Cossacks, others, Cossacks, many. A sentence o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Lithuanian and Polish times, the first…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/) / 3 # Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks, sentence 3 On the wild steppe frontier the first Cossacks appeared, runaway peasants and others who fished, hunted and fought Tatar slave raiders; they loved freedom, and many also served the Polish king for pay, so both «free» and «paid» are true. **Who acts:** first Cossacks, others, Cossacks, many, free » · **What happens:** appear, fish, hunt, fight, love, serve · **To what, where:** wild steppe frontier, Tatar slave raiders, freedom, Polish king, » This is a sentence of the lesson «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first Cossacks, others, Cossacks, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:043-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks.lesson:3 # text = On the wild steppe frontier the first Cossacks appeared, runaway peasants and others who fished, hunted and fought Tatar slave raiders; they loved freedom, and many also served the Polish king for pay, so both «free» and «paid» are true. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 043-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 On on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 3 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 frontier frontier NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 8 amod _ _ 8 Cossacks Cossacks PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 9 appeared appear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 runaway runaway ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 peasants peasant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 appos _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 15 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 fished fish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 hunted hunt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=18:conj 21 Tatar tatar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 22 slave slave NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 raiders raider NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 loved love VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 27 freedom freedom NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 nsubj _ _ 31 also also ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 served serve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 Polish polish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 pay pay NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 39 so so ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 40 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 43 det _ _ 41 « « PUNCT `` _ 42 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 42 free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 » » NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 nsubj _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 « « NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 conj _ _ 46 paid pay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:acl:relcl 47 » » NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 48 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 cop _ _ 49 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 parataxis _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **appear** | past | the first Cossacks | | | the wild steppe frontier | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on frontier=Location | | 2 | **fish** | past | others | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **hunt** | past | others *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fight** | past | others *not said here* | Tatar slave raiders | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raider=Co-Agent | | 5 | **love** | past | Cossacks | freedom | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer freedom=Stimulus | | 6 | **serve** | past | many | the Polish king | | | | for pay | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent king=Theme for pay=Recipient | | 7 | **pay** *in a quote* | participle | both free » and « *not said here* | » | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent »=Asset | | 8 | **is** | present | both free » and « | | | | | true *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:043-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Lithuanian and Polish times, the first…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/2/) - next →: [Lithuanian and Polish times, the first…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/)