--- title: The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: In 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytsky led a huge uprising and built a Cossack state, the Hetmanate; it is a hero's story with dark pages too --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate # The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate Lesson 44 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 11 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/). - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/1/) — In 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytsky led a huge uprising and built a Cossack state, the Hetmanate; it is a hero's story with dark pages too, because the war brought terrible massacres of Jewish communities, and honest history names both. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/2/) — In 1654 at Pereiaslav Khmelnytsky made a military alliance with the Tsar; the teacher still had the old Soviet word «reunification», Danylo was closer to modern historians, and the teacher updated his notes: it was a treaty each side read differently, like two friends who remember the same deal in two ways. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/3/) — Then came «the Ruin» of civil wars, Mazepa's switch to Sweden lost at Poltava in 1709, Orlyk's constitution written in exile, and the empire ending the Sich in 1775 and the Hetmanate soon after; the Sich ended, but its memory still lives in songs, dances and the anthem. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/5/) — The Zaporizhian Sich below the Dnipro rapids was a Cossack stronghold where the council (rada) elected and could remove its leaders; only Cossack men had a voice, women were not allowed in, and Athens and Iceland's Althing had assemblies much earlier. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/7/) — In the early 17th century Cossacks in light boats called chaiky raided Ottoman Black Sea towns such as Sinop and even the outskirts of Istanbul, but they did not capture the city. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/8/) — In 1648 Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky led a huge uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian nobility and created a Cossack state, the Hetmanate, with its own self-rule (autonomy); the war brought great suffering, including terrible massacres of Jewish communities. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/9/) — In 1654 at Pereiaslav, Khmelnytsky agreed to a military alliance with the Tsar of Muscovy (Moscow's state, later called Russia) against Poland; the Cossacks saw it as an alliance, Moscow later treated it as Ukraine joining Russia, and Soviet books called it «reunification». - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/11/) — Ivan Mazepa (hetman 1687–1709) built churches and schools and in 1708 switched to King Charles XII of Sweden against Peter I to save the Hetmanate's rights; Peter won at Poltava in 1709. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/13/) — Catherine II destroyed the Zaporizhian Sich in 1775; some Cossacks went to Ottoman lands (the Danube Sich), and others were later moved to the Kuban, where their descendants still live. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/14/) — The Russian Empire abolished the Hetmanate in the 1760s–1780s; Cossack officers became Russian nobles, and peasants were turned into serfs in 1783. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/15/) — Cossack images such as the hopak dance, the forelock and the bulava mace are central in Ukrainian culture, and the anthem calls Ukrainians «of Cossack kin», though most Ukrainians descend from peasants and townspeople. - ← previous: [Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/) - next →: [Two empires and Shevchenko](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)