--- title: Two empires and Shevchenko — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Two empires and Shevchenko», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: In the 1800s Ukrainian lands were split between two empires: most in the Russian Empire, and Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia in the Austri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / Two empires and Shevchenko # Two empires and Shevchenko Lesson 45 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 9 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/0/) — In the 1800s Ukrainian lands were split between two empires: most in the Russian Empire, and Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia in the Austrian one; Danylo thought only Russia ever ruled Ukraine, and was surprised, because in Austrian Galicia Ukrainian schools and newspapers could grow, like a plant that does better on the sunny side of the fence. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/3/) — The century also brought the end of serfdom, a coal and steel Donbas, a new mixed port called Odesa, Ukrainian farmers settling the Canadian Prairies, and writers like Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/4/) — The wise lesson: you can love Shevchenko without ranking him above Shakespeare, and use numbers you can check instead of family legends. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/5/) — From the late 18th century most of Ukraine was in the Russian Empire, while Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia were in the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire, where Ukrainian schools, newspapers and parties could grow from the 1860s. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/6/) — Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) was born a serf, was bought out of serfdom in 1838 with the help of artists, and became Ukraine's national poet and a painter; his «Kobzar» (1840) is a founding book of modern Ukrainian literature. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/8/) — The Valuev circular (1863) and the Ems decree (1876) banned most publishing and stage performance in Ukrainian in the Russian Empire, calling it a dialect of Russian; people still spoke it at home and in villages. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/11/) — Odesa was founded in 1794 by the Russian Empire on the site of an older Ottoman settlement, Khadzhibey, and grew as a port with Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, Greeks, Bulgarians, Italians and others. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/12/) — Mykola (Nikolai) Gogol was born in Ukraine and wrote stories about Ukrainian life, but he wrote in Russian and lived in St Petersburg and Rome, so both cultures claim him. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/13/) — Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire were serfs until 1861; in Austrian Galicia serfdom ended in 1848. - ← previous: [The Cossacks, the Sich and the Hetmanate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/44-the-cossacks-the-sich-and-the-hetmanate/) - next →: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)