---
title: Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire were serfs until 1861;… — Two empires and Shevchenko · tree and pragmatics
description: Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire were serfs until 1861; in Austrian Galicia serfdom ended in 1848. Who acts: Most Ukrainian peasants, serfdom. A sentence of the lesson «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Two empires and Shevchenko, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire were serfs until 1861; in Austrian Galicia serfdom ended in 1848.

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**Who acts:** Most Ukrainian peasants, serfdom · **What happens:** be, end · **To what, where:** serfs, Austrian Galicia

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most Ukrainian peasants, serfdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:045-two-empires-and-shevchenko.lesson:13
# text = Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire were serfs until 1861; in Austrian Galicia serfdom ended in 1848.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 045-two-empires-and-shevchenko.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
2	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	serfs	serf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	until	until	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1861	1861	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Austrian	austrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Galicia	Galicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
16	serfdom	serfdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	1848	1848	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Most Ukrainian peasants in the Russian Empire | serfs |  |  | until 1861 |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | past | serfdom |  |  | Austrian Galicia |  | in 1848 | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:045-two-empires-and-shevchenko.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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