--- title: In 1932–1933 millions died in Soviet Ukraine in a famine caused by S… — The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor · tree and pragmatics description: In 1932–1933 millions died in Soviet Ukraine in a famine caused by Soviet policy: forced collectivisation (making farmers give their land and animals to big state farms), impossible grain quotas (amounts each village had to hand over), seizing food and blocking starving peasants from leaving; Ukrain --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/) / 12 # The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 12 In 1932–1933 millions died in Soviet Ukraine in a famine caused by Soviet policy: forced collectivisation (making farmers give their land and animals to big state farms), impossible grain quotas (amounts each village had to hand over), seizing food and blocking starving peasants from leaving; Ukraine and many other countries recognise it as genocide (an attempt to destroy a people), while some historians debate the legal label. **Who acts:** millions, forced collectivisation, farmers, village, amounts, Ukraine · **What happens:** die, cause, force, make, give, have · **To what, where:** famine, land, big state farms, amounts, food, starving peasants This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (millions, forced collectivisation, farmers, village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:12 # text = In 1932–1933 millions died in Soviet Ukraine in a famine caused by Soviet policy: forced collectivisation (making farmers give their land and animals to big state farms), impossible grain quotas (amounts each village had to hand over), seizing food and blocking starving peasants from leaving; Ukraine and many other countries recognise it as genocide (an attempt to destroy a people), while some historians debate the legal label. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1932 1932 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 obl _ _ 3 – - PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 1933 1933 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 flat _ _ 5 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 Soviet Soviet PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 famine famine NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 Soviet soviet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 16 policy policy NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl:agent _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 amod _ _ 19 collectivisation collectivisation NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 21 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:appos 22 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 30 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:nmod 32 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 impossible impossible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 35 grain grain NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 quotas quota NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:appos 37 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 38 amounts amount NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ _ 39 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 40 det _ _ 40 village village NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 acl:relcl _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 hand hand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 xcomp _ _ 44 over over ADP RP _ 43 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=43:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADV:RP:_ 45 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 41 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 seizing seize VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj 48 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obj _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 blocking block VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 47 conj _ _ 51 starving starve VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 52 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=52:conj 52 peasants peasant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 obj _ _ 53 from from SCONJ IN _ 54 mark _ _ 54 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 50 advcl _ _ 55 ; ; PUNCT : _ 56 punct _ _ 56 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 61 nsubj _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 58 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 amod _ _ 59 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 amod _ _ 60 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 56 conj _ _ 61 recognise recognise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 62 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 obj _ _ 63 as as ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 64 genocide genocide NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obl _ _ 65 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 67 punct _ _ 66 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 attempt attempt NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 appos _ _ 68 to to PART TO _ 69 mark _ _ 69 destroy destroy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 67 acl _ _ 70 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 71 det _ _ 71 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 69 obj _ _ 72 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 67 punct _ _ 73 , , PUNCT , _ 77 punct _ _ 74 while while SCONJ IN _ 77 mark _ _ 75 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 76 det _ _ 76 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 77 nsubj _ _ 77 debate debate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 61 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=61:parataxis 78 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 80 det _ _ 79 legal legal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 80 amod _ _ 80 label label NOUN NN Number=Sing 77 obj _ _ 81 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die** | past | millions | | | | | in Soviet Ukraine; in a famine; in 1932 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1932=Attribute | | 2 | **cause** | participle | | a famine *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 3 | **force** | participle | | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **make** | gerund | forced collectivisation and impossible grain quotas and amounts *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **give** | infinitive | farmers | farmers's land and animals | big state farms | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent land=Theme to farm=Recipient | | 6 | **have** | past | each village | amounts *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **hand over** | to-infinitive | amounts *not said here* | | | | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **seize** | gerund | | food | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 9 | **block** | gerund | | starving peasants | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer peasant=Theme | | 10 | **starve** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 11 | **leave** | gerund | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 12 | **recognise** | present | Ukraine and many other countries | food | | | | as genocide | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus as genocide=Attribute | | 13 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | Ukraine and many other countries *not said here* | a people | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | | 14 | **debate** | present | some historians | the legal label | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/10/) - next →: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/)