--- title: In 1937–1938, in the Great Terror (also called the purges), the Sovi… — The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor · tree and pragmatics description: In 1937–1938, in the Great Terror (also called the purges), the Soviet secret police arrested and shot huge numbers of people across the USSR; in Ukraine writers, teachers, priests and Communist leaders were among them, and many lie in the mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyiv. Who acts: Great Terror, S --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/) / 14 # The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 14 In 1937–1938, in the Great Terror (also called the purges), the Soviet secret police arrested and shot huge numbers of people across the USSR; in Ukraine writers, teachers, priests and Communist leaders were among them, and many lie in the mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyiv. **Who acts:** Great Terror, Soviet secret police, Ukraine writers, many · **What happens:** call, arrest, shoot, be, lie · **To what, where:** purges, 1937, huge numbers, USSR, mass graves · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great Terror, Soviet secret police, Ukraine writers, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:14 # text = In 1937–1938, in the Great Terror (also called the purges), the Soviet secret police arrested and shot huge numbers of people across the USSR; in Ukraine writers, teachers, priests and Communist leaders were among them, and many lie in the mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyiv. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×4 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1937 1937 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 obl _ _ 3 – - PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 1938 1938 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 flat _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 Great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 Terror terror PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:appos|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 11 also also ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 purges purge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:obj 15 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 Soviet soviet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 19 secret secret ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 police police NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 arrested arrest VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 shot shoot VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 24 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 28 across across ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 USSR USSR PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 writers writer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 teachers teacher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 priests priest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 Communist communist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 leaders leader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 42 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 43 among among ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 nsubj _ _ 48 lie lie VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 49 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 51 mass mass ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 52 graves grave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obl _ _ 53 at at ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 Bykivnia Bykivnia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 55 near near ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=52:nmod 57 . . PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | participle | the Great Terror *not said here* | the purges | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **arrest** | past | the Soviet secret police | | | 1937 | | in the Great Terror | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **shoot** | past | the Soviet secret police *not said here* | huge numbers of people | | the USSR | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme | | 4 | **be** | past | Ukraine writers and teachers and priests and Communist leaders | | | | | among people | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among they=Location | | 5 | **lie** | present | many | | | the mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyiv | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in grave=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/13/) - next →: [The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodo…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/)