---
title: The hryvnia was a silver unit in Kyivan Rus; the modern hryvnia, Ukr… — Chornobyl and independence in 1991 · tree and pragmatics
description: The hryvnia was a silver unit in Kyivan Rus; the modern hryvnia, Ukraine's money, was introduced in 1996. Who acts: hryvnia. A sentence of the lesson «Chornobyl and independence in 1991» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Chornobyl and independence in 1991, sentence 12

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The hryvnia was a silver unit in Kyivan Rus; the modern hryvnia, Ukraine's money, was introduced in 1996.

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**Who acts:** hryvnia · **What happens:** be, introduce · **To what, where:** silver unit, Kyivan, modern hryvnia, 1996

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Chornobyl and independence in 1991» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hryvnia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:048-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991.lesson:12
# text = The hryvnia was a silver unit in Kyivan Rus; the modern hryvnia, Ukraine's money, was introduced in 1996.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 048-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hryvnia	hryvnia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	silver	silver	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Kyivan	Kyivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=6:punct
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hryvnia	hryvnia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	1996	1996	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the hryvnia | a silver unit |  | Kyivan |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | the modern hryvnia |  | 1996 |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:048-chornobyl-and-independence-in-1991.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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