--- title: In February–March 2014 Russian troops without insignia (badges) seiz… — The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and the war · tree and pragmatics description: In February–March 2014 Russian troops without insignia (badges) seized Crimea; a referendum held under occupation was followed by annexation (Russia declaring the land its own), the UN General Assembly called the referendum invalid, and Russia later admitted the soldiers were its troops. Who acts: 2 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/) / 8 # The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and the war, sentence 8 In February–March 2014 Russian troops without insignia (badges) seized Crimea; a referendum held under occupation was followed by annexation (Russia declaring the land its own), the UN General Assembly called the referendum invalid, and Russia later admitted the soldiers were its troops. **Who acts:** 2014 Russian troops, annexation, Russia, UN General Assembly, soldiers · **What happens:** seize, hold, follow, declare, call, admit · **To what, where:** Crimea, –, referendum, occupation, land, troops · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and the war» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2014 Russian troops, annexation, Russia, UN General Assembly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:049-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war.lesson:8 # text = In February–March 2014 Russian troops without insignia (badges) seized Crimea; a referendum held under occupation was followed by annexation (Russia declaring the land its own), the UN General Assembly called the referendum invalid, and Russia later admitted the soldiers were its troops. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 049-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 February February PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:compound 3 – – PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 4 March March PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 2014 2014 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 6 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 13 nsubj _ _ 8 without without ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 insignia insignia NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 11 badges badge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 12 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 13 seized seize VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 parataxis _ _ 14 Crimea Crimea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 referendum referendum NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 held hold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 under under ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 occupation occupation NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 followed follow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:conj 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 annexation annexation NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 26 Russia Russia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 appos _ _ 27 declaring declare VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 acl _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 xcomp _ _ 32 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 35 UN UN PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 36 General General PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 flat _ _ 37 Assembly Assembly PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 referendum referendum NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 invalid invalid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 xcomp _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 Russia Russia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 45 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 46 advmod _ _ 46 admitted admit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 conj _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nsubj _ _ 49 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 50 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 46 ccomp _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **seize** | participle | 2014 Russian troops without insignia | Crimea | | – | february | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crimea=Theme | | 2 | **hold** | participle | | a referendum *not said here* | | occupation | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under occupation=Location | | 3 | **follow** | past · passive | annexation | a referendum | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 4 | **declare** *speech: other* | gerund | Russia *not said here* | the land | | | | own *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Attribute | | 5 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | the UN General Assembly | the referendum | | | | invalid *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent referendum=Recipient | | 6 | **admit** *speech: other* | past | Russia | | | | | late *property* | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is a** | past | the soldiers | referendum's troops | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:049-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/7/) - next →: [The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/)