--- title: Ukrainian is the state language; for historical reasons many Ukraini… — Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations · tree and pragmatics description: Ukrainian is the state language; for historical reasons many Ukrainians, especially in big cities and the east, spoke Russian at home, and since 2014, and more since 2022, many have switched to Ukrainian. Who acts: Ukrainian, state language, many. A sentence of the lesson «Today's Ukraine and Danylo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerat…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/) / 14 # Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations, sentence 14 Ukrainian is the state language; for historical reasons many Ukrainians, especially in big cities and the east, spoke Russian at home, and since 2014, and more since 2022, many have switched to Ukrainian. **Who acts:** Ukrainian, state language, many · **What happens:** be, speak, switch · **To what, where:** state language, Russian, home, Ukrainian · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, state language, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:050-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations.lesson:14 # text = Ukrainian is the state language; for historical reasons many Ukrainians, especially in big cities and the east, spoke Russian at home, and since 2014, and more since 2022, many have switched to Ukrainian. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 050-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 historical historical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 reasons reason NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:appos 10 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 Ukrainians ukrainian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 especially especially ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 east east NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 21 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 22 Russian Russian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 23 at at ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 since since ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 2014 2014 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 37 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obl 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 conj _ _ 32 since since ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 nsubj _ _ 36 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 switched switch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 21 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=31:conj 38 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Ukrainian | the state language | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the state language | Russian | | home | | for historical reasons and big cities and the east | tree rules | | 3 | **switch** | present · perfect | many | | Ukrainian | | since 2014 | | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to ukrainian=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:050-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerat…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/12/) - next →: [Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerat…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/)