--- title: China has one of the longest continuous civilisations in the world,… — China: five thousand years and the oldest dynast… · tree and pragmatics description: China has one of the longest continuous civilisations in the world, but the states of Egypt and Mesopotamia began earlier; «five thousand years» is a traditional phrase that includes legendary times. Who acts: China, states, thousand years, traditional phrase. A sentence of the lesson «China: five t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [China: five thousand years and the old…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/) / 8 # China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties, sentence 8 China has one of the longest continuous civilisations in the world, but the states of Egypt and Mesopotamia began earlier; «five thousand years» is a traditional phrase that includes legendary times. **Who acts:** China, states, thousand years, traditional phrase · **What happens:** have, begin, be, include · **To what, where:** one, traditional phrase This is a sentence of the lesson «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China, states, thousand years, traditional phrase), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson:8 # text = China has one of the longest continuous civilisations in the world, but the states of Egypt and Mesopotamia began earlier; «five thousand years» is a traditional phrase that includes legendary times. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 longest long ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 8 amod _ _ 7 continuous continuous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 civilisations civilisation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 states state NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 21 earlier early ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 20 advmod _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 « « PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 24 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 25 compound _ _ 25 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 27 » » PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 traditional traditional ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 phrase phrase NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 includes include VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 34 legendary legendary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:obl:unmarked 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | China | one of the longest continuous civilisations in the world | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 2 | **begin** | past | the states of Egypt and Mesopotamia | | | | | early *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 3 | **is a** | present | thousand years | a traditional phrase | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **include** | present | a traditional phrase | | | | time | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China: five thousand years and the old…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/7/) - next →: [China: five thousand years and the old…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/)